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Chemical Weed Control in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum, L.)
Thesis Abstract:
This study aimed to establish the control spectra and crop phytotoxic properties of different herbicides and to determine their influence on the yield and yield components of wheat. Two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Trigo 1 and Trigo 2, were used to test different herbicides, namely; dictofop (2-(4-(2,4-dichlrophenoxy) phenoxy) propanoic acid), chlortoluron (N-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)- N, N-dimenthylurea), bentazon (3-isopropyl-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-one 2, 2-dioxide), oxadiazon (2-tert-butyl-4(2, 4-dichloro-5-isoproposyphenyl)-Δ2-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolin-5-one), and chlorsulfuron (2-chloro-N-(4 methoxy-6-methyl-1, 3, 5-trianzin-2yl) amino carbonyl) benzinezulfanamide). Handweeded and unweeded checks were provided in this experiment.
Herbicide application was done at pre-emergence (3 days after planting), seven-day post-emergence (DPE), and 14 DPE. Two weed species, Echinochloa colona L. and Trianthema portulacastrum L., were predominantly in the area. Chlorsulfron applied at either pre- or post- emergence was found effective on both weeds with complete control of T. portulacastrum L. Effective control of E. colona L. was observed when chlorulfuron was applied at 7 DPE. Dictofop effectively controlled E. colona L. at 7 DPE but not T. portulacastrum L.
Metoxuron was also effective in controlling E. colona L. with a reduction in the weed population of 2.5-7 times below the unweeded check.
Aside from chlorsulfuron, oxadiazon completely eliminated T. portulacastrum L. when applied as post-emergent herbicide at either 7 or 14 DPE while methoxuron only duplicated this effect when applied at 14 DPE.
The yield and yield components of the two varieties decreased with increasing population of weeds. The highest yield (1983.9 kg/ha) was obtained from plots treated with chlorsulfuron (7 DPE at 40 g/ha) which effectively controlled E. colona L. and T. portulacastrum L.
Diclofop applied at 7 DPE at the rate of 1.5 kg/ha showed promise as a potential herbicide for wheat.
The general response of the two varieties to the herbicides used was similar and no significant difference was observed in phytotoxicity rates (none to moderate), growth, and development.