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Chemical, Biological, and Integrated Biochemical Control of Meloidogyne incognita.
Dissertation Abstract:
Three sets of experiments were conducted to study the responses of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita to three types of control measures: chemical, using four nematicides; biological,using three nematode-trapping fungi; and integrated biochemical, using four control agents either individually or in combination.
In the chemical control tests, Hosthathion was found lethal to root-knot eggs and second-stage larvae at 10 and 100 ppm. When applied on sandy-loam soil planted to tomatoes, Hosthathion was definitely effective on second-stage larvae but not on nematode eggs.
Fumazone permanently inhibited egg hatchability and second-stage larval infectivity on tomato roots, when applied on the nematode for 24 hours or a week. It was most effective at 100 ppm on viable egg masses on soil with or without tomato plants.
Temik was also consistentlyeffective at 100 ppm on eggs and second=stage larvae, while Furadan was the most uneven in action on both eggsand larvae.
All four chemical agents effected near complete control of root-knot nematodes in pre-plant treatment, but only Hosthathion and Fumazone maintained this efficiency in post-plant treatment.
Of the four chemicals evaluated for nematicidal potentialities, Hosthathion ranked first, Fumazone second, followed by Temik and Furadan.
In the experiments on nematode-trapping fungi, chicken manure extract at three concentration levels was found fungistatic in plate cultures of three nematophagous fungi; Arthrobotrys oligospora Fres., A. musiformis Drechs, and Dactylaria brochopa Drechs. Integrated treatments in plate cultures using chicken manure extract and Hosthathion produced better growth of the three fungus species than chicken manure or nematicide used alone.
Under greenhouse conditions, excellent control of M. incognita on tomato plants in plastic bags was obtained with integrated undiluted manure extract-Hosthathion (100 ppm), and three fungi used individually or in combination.
In the integrated biochemical control of M. incognita on tomato under field conditions, high control levels were attained with the following combinations: Hosthathion, chicken manure and Tagetes; and Hosthathion, fungus, and Tagetes.
As a pre-plant treatment, T. patula almost completely rid the soil of M. incognita, but stimulated a tremendous increase in population of Rotylechulus, Aphelenchus, and three free-living nematodes. Varietal effect of T. patula on a Philippine M. incognita was temporary and easily offset by tha planting of a susceptible tomato host plant.