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Evaluation of Rice and Corn By-Products Treated with Alkali, High Temperature and Pressure and Crude Cellulose Extract and the Utilization of Corn Cobs in Swine Nutrition.
Dissertation Abstract:
Cultures of the mold Trichoderma viride QM 9123 were grown on cotton, rice hulls, rice bran and bagasse to determine the activities of the crude cellulose enzymes from the extracts of these materials.
Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the digestibility of various nutrients of growing pig rations with three kinds of supplements: untreated corn cobs, corn cobs treated with steam pressure and crude cellulose, and corn cobs treated with 1% alkali, steam pressure and crude cellulose. A low-fiber control ration was also used.
Results of the culture experiments showed that average enzyme units and specific activities if the extracts from rice hulls, rice bran and cotton were highly variable on account of contaminations and difficulty in standardizing the population of the inoculated microorganisms.
Sixty-five percent ethanol proved to be a satisfactory solvent for the isolation of crude cellulose for freeze-drying.
Peak of glucose extracted by crude cellulose was 24 hours after its addition to corn cobs (17.73 mg/ml); 30 minutes in rice straw (10.13 mg/ml); 12 hours in rice hulls (11.40 mg/ml); and also 12 hours in cotton (11.28 mg/ml). After the addition of crude cellulose extracts, more glucose was extracted from all substrates at 12 hours than at 24 hours (10.86 mg/ml vs. 7.67 mg/ml).
Compared with the control, feed conversion was better in pigs given isonitrogenous and isocaloric grower rations supplemented with corn cobs treated with high temperature and pressure, 1% sodium hydroxide and crude cellulose. The addition of 24.5 to 27.7% corn cobs in the rations gave a fiber level of 13%. However, results of the two feeing trials indicated that the use of alkali, high temperature and pressure and crude cellulose to predigest corn cobs was not necessary for growing pigs.
Higher feed efficiency of pigs fed high-fiber rations was attributed to increased apparent digestibility of either extract or energy which could be a compensatory effect of bulk due to high-fiber content.