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Estrous Cycle, Estrus Duration and Ovulation Time of Philippine Carabaos in Confinement with and without Cooling Facilities
Thesis Abstract:
A six-month experiment was conducted to determine the effects of varying cooling facilities on the estrous cycle, estrus duration and ovulation time of Philippine carabaos.
Six caraheifers per lot were assigned as follows: lot I without any cooling system; lot II with concrete water wallow; lot III with overhead water sprinkler; and lot IV with muddy wallow.
Results showed that the different treatments had no effect on estrous cycle, estrus duration and ovulation time of the animals. Estrous cycle ranged from 13 to 28, with an average of roughly 21 days. Estrus duration ranged from 5 to 36 hours, averaging about 18 hours. Heat often occurred from 6 p.m. to 12 midnight (41.2%). However, relatively high heat incidence was recorded in the morning (6 a.m. to noon, 24.7%) and in the afternoon (noon to 6 p.m., 26.8%).
Mounting other females was found to be associated with heat occurrence, with mounting females coming into estrus more frequently than mounted ones. Vaginal discharges were also noted during estrus or 1-2 days post-estrus. Combination of mounting, vaginal discharges and restlessness could be considered reliable signs of estrus.
Ovulation took place about 34 hours from the onset of estrus or about 15 hours after the end of estrus. Ovulation occurred more frequently at night than at daytime. The carabaos were confirmed to be left-ovulators in 63% of the total incidence of ovulation.