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Participation of Rural Women in Rural Development in Thailand and the Phillipines
Dissertation Abstract:
The study sought mainly to determine the factors, degree and nature of social and economic involvement as well as anticipated consequences of participation of rural women development activities in Thailand and the Philippines.
Subjects of the study were 150 rural women and 50 Barangay Council members/village Development Committee members in nine barrios/villages each in Pila, Laguna, Philippines and in Kan-Tararom District, Sri-Saket Province, Thailand. Data were gathered with the use of two interview schedules, one in Thai and the other in Pilipino. Results of the study were reported in ranges, percentages, means, mean differences and standard deviations, while relationships among variables were determined with the use of Pearson’s product-moment coefficient of correlation, canonical correlation and step-wise multiple regression analysis.
Findings revealed that the rural women in both countries were almost of the same age (41 years in Kan Tararom and 43 years in Pila). Kan Tararom respondents had an average of 3.77 years in school and those in Pila, 5.78 years. Seventy percent and 52.6% of the respondents in Kan Tararom and Pila, respectively, were members of village associations or clubs. The majority of the rural women in both study sites contributed labor in farming as well as their monetary earnings from some forms of agricultural livelihood.
Both groups of rural women contributed about the same average total hours (more than 2000 hours) to household production per year, but the Tararom women contributed about twice the total hours in market production than the Pila respondents.
Generally, the husband’s authorization for the wife to participate in rural development activities exceeded the wife’s own decision in both countries.
About 40% in Kan Tararom and 60% in Pila had no contact with any change agen. More than 34% in Kan Tararom and 16% in Pila had participated in training programs during the past two years. About 40% of Kan Tararom respondents and 50% in Pila had been exposed to communication media.
A little less than two-thirds and only about one-third of the Kan Tararom and Pila respondents, respectively, had participated in rural development activities initiated by government agencies. The majority of both groups had also been involved in the machinery of the Village/Barangay administration, the Kan Tararom women contributing labor and the Pila women, money, to indicate their level of participation.
Among the selected factors studied, level of participation in training programs, contact with change agents, exposure to communication media, husband’s response behavior, household production time, market production time, community work time, length of marriage, age, family size, educational attainment and family income were found to be positively and significantly related to social and economic participation of the Kan Tararom women. Among the Pila respondents similar relationships were obtained, except for household and market production time and family size.
The Thai rural women had a more favorable attitude toward economic participation and Pilipino women, toward social participation in rural development activities.