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Milk Production of Large White and Landrace Sows and Nutrient Intake of Suckling Pigs in Cool and Hot Seasons
Dissertation Abstract:
Two experiments were conducted to find out milk production composition of lactating sows (Large White and Landrace breeds), nutrient intake of suckling pigs in cool and hot seasons, growth pattern of suckling pigs, backfat changes of lactating sows before and after lactation, and the re lationship between back fat thickness at the weaning to rebreeding interval.
In the first experiment, 40 purebred sows (20 Large White and 20 Landrace) which farrowed their th ird parity were used in a split-split-plot completely randomized design. The seasons (cool and hot) were the main plots and the breeds (Large White and Landrace) were the subplots. The stage of lactation on day 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 after parturition were the sub-subplots .. After farrowing, all litters were standardized at 9-10 piglets.
Results showed that season had no effect on milk production but had a significant effect on pH of milk, percentage of total solids, solid (not fat), and crude protein. Creep feed intake, total dry matter intake, fat intake, crude protein intake, and energy intake of piglet; nutrient efficiency in terms of total dry matter intake per gain; and total crude protein intake per gain value for these parameters were significantly higher in cool season than in hot season. On the other hand, milk temperature and freshwater intake of piglet in cool season were significantly lower than in hot season.
Breed had significant effect on milk production, lactose percentage in milk, milk intake, total intake, dry matter intake, total water intake, total energy intake, growth pattern of piglet. average daily gain during four weeks of lactation period and daily water intake of piglets per litter. Values obtained in these parameters were higher in Landrace than in Large White.
Stage of lactation had significant effect on milk production, number of sucking per day, sucking interval, pH of milk, percentage of solids (not fat), crude protein and ash, nutrient intake both from milk and creep feed plus freshwater and nutrient efficiency except milk protein which was similar at different stages of lactation.
Milk production of the Landrace sows was higher than in Large White sows (P <0.05; 6,323.39 vs. 5.981.33 g/day). Differences in milk production at different stages of lactation were highly significant (P <0.01). The peak of milk production occurred during the third week of lactation (7,13 5.88 g/day). After weaning the sows, the second experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between back fat thickness at ultrasonic prove (USP2) and sows' body weights at weaning time with their dry periods. Results showed that their body weight and backfat thickness were not correlated with their dry period. The sows' average body weight and back fat thickness at weaning after third parity were 192.33 ± 20.74 kg and 13 .52 ± 2.63 mm. respectively, with an average dry period of 9.84 ± 7.88 days. However, total feed intake of sows during dry period was highly correlated with their dry period (r = 0.9833).