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Spatial Arrangement on Upland Rice-peanut Intercropping for Two Cropping Seasons in Northern Luzon
Dissertation Abstract:
A study on rice-peanut intercropping was conducted for two cropping seasons. Different row combinations and interval row spacings were used to determine their effect on the agronomic characteristics of rice (R) and peanut ( P). Laid out in split-plot randomized complete block des ign (RCBD), the experiment had three replications.
The experimental area was fairly level. It had an organic matter of 2.5 percent, pH of 6.6, and available phosphorus and potassium of 52 and 500 ppm, respectively.
Comparison among means of the different spatial arrangements and monocrop rice showed that plant he ight at harvest was significantly highest in triple row ratios 3R:3P (98.24 cm) and 3R:1P (118.83 cm) for dry and wet seasons, respectively. Similarly, rice intercropped with peanut at double row ratio 2R:2P outranked monocrop rice on panicle length (21 and 24.1 7 em) and number of filled seeds per panicle (163 and 174) in both season frames. Likewise, the weight of 1,000 seeds was significantly higher at triple row ratio 1R:3P, with means of 23.97 and 24.20 g, for dry and wet seasons, respectively. Hay yield was significantly highest at three rows of rice intercropped with one row peanut (3R:1P) yielding 7.30 and 8.31 t/ha during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. However, monocrop upland rice consistently produced the highest number oftillers per hill (8. 16 and 8.71) and seed yield (1.61 and 3.38 t/ha) in the two planting seasons.
Similarly, the agronomic characteristics of peanut were significantly affected by the different spatial arrangements. Peanut intercropped after three rows of rice (3R:1P) produced the tallest plants in both cropping seasons, with mean heights of 57.51 cm and 80.69 cm for dry and wet ·planting seasons, respectively. On the other hand, monocrop peanut outranked all the other treatments on the number of pods per hill (16 and 12 pods), pod yield (2.05 and 1.56 t/ha), and weight of 1,000 seeds (450.51 and 436.95 g) in the dry and wet cropping seasons, respectively. On the percentage shelling recovery, doub le row ratio 2R:2P obtained the highest rate (69.80%) in the dry cropping season monocrop peanut (60%) in the wet cropping season.
The land equivalent ratio (LER) used to determine the advantage of intercropping upland rice and peanut over upland rice in monoculture stand showed that rice-peanut at double row ratio 2R:2P gave 40 percent (LER = 1.40 for dry season) and 52 percent (LER = 1.52 for wet season yield increase over rice in pure culture. This suggested that the conventional equidistant row planting scheme of 0.50 mused by upland rice farmers in Northern Luzon, Philippines could be altered to 0.25 m distance between rows to accommodate peanut intercrop for higher yield and higher return. Similarly, the cost and return analysis of the component crops in the intercrop relative to their monoculture yields showed that double row ratio 2R:2P obtained the highest net return of P23,430.11 (USjumi = P27.00) per hectare. Monocrop rice and peanut obtained P7,210.3 5 and P18,789.02 average net per hectare, respectively.