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Potential Productivity and Risks of Different Cropping Patterns Under Rainfed Condition at Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Thesis Abstract:
Three modules of Macros model, namely: L1D, L2C, and L2SS were used to simulate the growth and yield of two rice varieties (IR64 and IR36), and four upland crops (soybean, corn, cowpea, and peanut). The objective was to determine the potential productivity of these crops at different planting dates under rainfed condition at Maros, Indonesia. The risk of different cropping patterns were also quantified and the most feasible cropping pattern for rainfed rice lands at Maros were also determined.
Hydraulic properties of the soil based on a soil survey report and direct measurement of soil samples done at the International Rice Research Institute and Maros' daily climate data of 15 years were used to run the model.
The model outputs showed that the upland crops, particularly cowpea were not suitable pre-rice crops, except in certain years where rain starts early and increases gradually. Mean simulated yield of these crops at different planting dates ranged from 0 to 1.22 t/ha, 0 to 0.11 t/ ha, and 1.26 to 4.59 t/ha, respectively.
Double-cropped rice is feasible if a very fast maturing variety is available. In addition, all land preparation and other activities have to be squeezed within less than two weeks. However, the second crop would be prone to tungro. The possibility of combining the gogo rancah cultivation method for the first crop (October planting) and walik jerami method for the second crop (February planting) to avoid the hazard of tungro needs further testing and investigation.
Soybean, peanut, and cowpea can be grown after rice. They can have high yields without sacrificing rice. To accommodate these crops, rice (IR64 and Rl36) should be transplanted between 16 December and 16 January so that soybean, cowpea, and peanut could be sown on 1 April, 1 May, and 16 May, respectively. Simulated yields at these planting dates were 5.84 to 6.76 t/ha for rice, 2.51 t/ha for soybean, 0.66 t/ha for cowpea, and 2.02 t/ha for peanut.
These three alternative patterns -- rice-soybean, rice-cowpea, and rice-peanut -- are recommended.
Minimum tillage to overcome the short turnaround period may be used. To assure the success of seed germination, particularly during the years when rainy season ends early, deep sowing is important and surface irrigation for germination is helpful. However, further study of such management practices is needed.