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Land Ownership Structures and Levels of Living of Settlers in the Transmigration Areas of Lampung Province, Indonesia
Thesis Abstract:
The land settlement or transmigration is an important program in Indonesia. The study sought to determine if there had been changes in land ownership structures, and levels of living of the settlers in the resettlement projects. Specifically, it attempted to determine the present landownership stuctures; the levels of living of the settlers during the project's implementation and after its termination; the relationship between the size of landholding and the levels of living of the settlers; and the factors related to changes of land ownership.
The study was conducted in Dayamurao, a settlement village in Way Abung transmigration area, Lampung Province, Indonesia. A total of 82 respondents who are original settlers constituted the sample of the study. They were composed of 43 groups of government-sponsored migrants and 39 groups of spontaneous migrants proportionately taken through stratified random sampling. Data was collected in May 1989.
Frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, and t-test were used to analyze the results. To describe land ownership structure, particularly for land distribution analysis, the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient Ratio were employed.
Results of the study showed that land ownership size changed from a mean of 1.869 hectares in 1982 (when the project terminated) to 1.581 hectares in 1988 (6 years after project termination). The Gini Coefficient in 1982 was 0.0877 and 0.3051 in 1988, indicating an unequal distribution of land six years after the project was terminated. Indices showed that levels of living changed for the better in 1988 compared to those in 1982. There was significant relationship between land ownership and levels of living (X2 = 5.03). Land tenure status of respondents before settlement in the area showed no relationship with the size of land ownership in the study site. Members of cooperative groups in the settlement village had larger land areas and higher levels of living compared to non-cooper~tive members.