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Irrigation and Soil Cultivation Technology on Rice Field for Mitigation of Methane (CH4) Gas Emission
Abstract:
Global warming caused by greenhouse effect is one phenomenon where short wave sunlight radiation penetrates to the atmosphere and changes to long wave in the earth’s surface. According to the data from the National Communication (1997), agriculture and husbandry sectors give huge contribution to the increasing greenhouse gas particularly CH4 produced from rice field cultivation. Due to this reason, this study conducted. The objectives were to analyze (1) the different effects of continuous flood on rice cultivation, intermittent irrigation, and saturated irrigation on CH4 emissions; (2) the effects of soil cultivation and zero tillage on CH4 emission; and (3) the interaction between irrigation treatment and soil cultivation on rice field for CH4 emission.
Results indicated that irrigation systems affect CH4 emission on rice field cultivation. Intermittent irrigation system was able to suppress CH4 emission by 56.34 and 78.41 percent for wet and dry seasons, respectively, while saturated irrigation system, 54.61 and 79.19 percent for wet and dry seasons, respectively. Soil cultivation on rice field also affected CH4 emission. Soil preparation with zero tillage by sulfosate suppressed CH4 by 25.55 and 34.10 percent for wet and dry seasons, respectively, while by paraquat, 48.84 and 39.90 percent for wet and dry seasons, respectively. The lowest CH4 emission was observed in saturated irrigation system combined with zero tillage treatment. Combination of saturated irrigation system by sulfosate and zero tillage treatment resulted to emission in the amount of 61.54 kg CH4/ha/season for wet season and 33.18 kg CH4/ha/season for dry season. The combination of saturated irrigation system by paraquat and zero tillage treatment resulted to emission in the amount of 88.12 kg CH4/ha/season for wet season and 26.83 kg CH4/ha/season for dry season. Combination of all treatments had no significant difference on rice yield.