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- Identification of Genetic Diversity of Coconut Germplasm from Papua...
Identification of Genetic Diversity of Coconut Germplasm from Papua using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) Markers
Abstract:
Migration, geographic isolation, hybridization, mutation, and selection are most likely causes of population differentiation of coconut, where one species, Cocos nucifera L. forms various cultivars based on the habit where they grow, fruit shape, color, and age. High genetic diversity of the plant population is very important as a potential genetic source to plant breeding programs. These programs are especially meant to improve crop yields and for sustainable plant maintenance.
The Faculty of Agriculture of Cenderawaish University has collected more than 1,000 coconut trees from six regions in Papua (Jayapura, Sorong, Biak, Manokwari, Merauke, and Yapen Waropen). These trees have been planted at the collection garden of the faculty in Manokwari. At present, there is significant loss of genetic diversity in the germplasm collection due to nonmaintenance and regeneration. To avoid genetic erosion of the germplasm, observation of genetic diversity and conservation of the potential germplasm should be done.
The use of markers as plant genetic characterization tool is extremely needed. Markers can be categorized as morphological, cytological, and molecular. Based on results of the research, molecular markers can give accurate figures on individual genetic difference. Molecular marker is based on polymorphism at protein or DNA levels. This technique helps in plant breeding and genetic studies.
This study suggested the use of molecular markers to identify genetic diversity of coconut germplasm from Papua.