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The Role of Antanan [Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban] and Vitamin C as Anti-heat Stress Agents in Broilers Diet Containing Hydrolized Feather-meal
Abstract:
High environmental temperatures may cause heat stress in poultry. This may increase water consumption, decrease feed intake and in turn, decrease production level. In addition, high environmental temperature is one of the contributors to bring about oxidative stress, a condition where oxidant (free radicals) dominates the antioxidant activity. In this research, antanan (Centella asiatica) and vitamin C were utilized as anti-heat stress agents for heat stressed broilers. To reduce pollution and feed cost, poultry feather as waste product with high protein content was used as alternative for fish and meal in ration formulation.
This research consisted of four experiments. Experiment 1 was done to study the effect of hydrolized feather meal to substitute fish meal in the diet on growth of broilers. Experiment 2 was conducted to study the effect of ascorbic acid on growth of heat-stressed broilers. Experiment 3 was done to study the effect of C. asiatica on growth of heat-stressed broilers and experiment 4 was conducted to study the effect of ascorbic acid and C. asiatica on heat-stressed broilers.
All diets of experiment 4 contained 30 percent of hydrolized feather meal to substitute fish meal. The research used 120 two- to six-week-old male broilers, kept at 31.98±1.94°C poultry house temperature during the day and 27.36±1.31°C at night. The treatments of experiment 4 were as follows: 0 percent (K), 5 percent (A5), 10 percent (A10) of antanan fed groups, 500ppm vitamin C in drinking water (C), combination of 5 percent antanan and 500 ppm vitamin C (A5C), and 10 percent antanan and 500 ppm vitamin C (A10C). The experimental design used was completely randomized factorial design of 2 × 3 (two levels of vitamin C, three levels of antanan, and four replications). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with the contrast-orthogonal test when significantly different (p < .05).
The results indicated that treatments A5, A10, A5C, and A10C significantly (p < .05) decreased heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, liver malondraldehyde (MDA) content, carcass lipid, and plasma total cholesterol. These treatments, however, significantly (p < .05) increased the bursa of Fabricius weights, plasma triodothyronine hormone, carcass protein, feed consumption, body weight gain, blood hemoglobin, and blood hematocrit. Substitution of 30 percent fish meal with feather meal decreased the cost of ration from IDR 2,642 to IDR 2,445.50/kg. It could be concluded that the addition 5 percent antanan was the most effective anti-heat stress agent in broilers diet.