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Resource Management in Mixed Crop-Animal Farming in a Hillyland Barangay in Batangas, Philippines
Abstract:
The research was conducted in a barangay in Batangas City to study resource management strategies practiced by smallholder farmers in mixed crop-animal farming systems in a hillyland community. It aimed to characterize and document the socioeconomic, agroecological, psychosocial, and sociocultural attributes of hillyland farmers; and determine the different factors associated with the institutional arrangement on land, labor, and technology management.
Data were collected through a combination of data collection techniques following the triangulation method. A total of 49 respondents were personally interviewed and their responses were analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviations, and ranges. The Chi-square test was also used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables.
The findings showed that the respondents were on their prime age (51 years), native to the place (47 years of residence), had an average household size of five, had low educational attainment, with relatively rich experience in upland farming (38 years), cultivated 0.91 ha of farmland, with different tenure status, depended mostly on household labor, and used either city/municipal market or direct buyers from within or outside the barangay for their market outlets.
Perception of farmers on sustainable resource management and attitude toward
social and technological intervention exhibited positive results. Apparently, the community had a moderate deposition concerning the imposition and enforcement of local laws and regulations. A high persistency of indigenous practices related to mixed crop-animal farming was observed among the farmer-respondents.
The results of the study also showed extensive land use and intensive management of resources among farmers with different endowments and production resources. A heterogeneous pattern of land and labor management and a homogenous pattern of technology management were observed among the farmer-respondents. The patterns of institutional arrangement on land management included self-cultivation, rent management, and arrangement with other farming households but more inclined toward self-cultivation. The institutional management or labor management was leaning toward the use of household labor but exhibiting different patterns. The management of technology was practiced within individual farming households.
The Chi-square test revealed that household size, tenure status, and attitude toward social and technological interventions were associated with the institutional arrangement on land management. Size of cultivated land and type of cultivated land were noted to be associated with the institutional arrangement on labor management. Significant associations were also noted between size of cultivated land and source of labor and the institutional arrangement on technology management.