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The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Anthraquinones from the Cell Suspension Culture of Morinda elliptica and flavonoids from Hedychium thyrsiforme
Abstract:
Peninsular Malaysia is one of the mega diverse countries of the world. Malaysians have used plants for medicinal purpose long before the development of modern medicine to treat various diseases. As part of intensive studies on medicinal plants particularly in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), this research was conducted to study the chemistry and biological activities of several selected plants as well as compounds isolated from the cell suspension culture of Morinda elliptica and the rhizome parts of Hedychium thyrsiforme. Based on literature search, there have not been any reports on this particular research subject.
Eight anthraquinones, including nordamnacanthal (A-1), alizarin-1-methyl ether (A-2), anthragallol-1,2-dimethyl ether (A-3), purpurin-1-methyl ether (A-4), rubiadin (A-5), soranjidiol (A-6), lucidin-∞-methyl ether (A-7), and morindone (A-8) were isolated from the cell suspension culture of M. elliptica. Five flavonoids, including 3,7,4’-trimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone (F-1); 3,4’-dimethoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone (F- 2); 5,7,4’-trimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone (F-3); 3,5,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone (F-4); and 7-4’dimethoxy-3,5-dihydroxyflavone (F-5) were also isolated from the rhizome parts of H. thyrsiforme. The structures of all the isolated compounds were established based on spectral data, including ultraviolet-visible, infrared, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
The study on biological activities of the isolated compounds was conducted using some in vitro bioassay procedures. In antitumor promoting assay, it is interesting to note that nordamnacanthal and 5,7,4’-trimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone in concentration of 0.4 μg/ml showed strong inhibition activity toward Epstein-Barr virus activation in Raji cells. Nordamnacanthal and 5,7,4’-trimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone as well as morindone, 3,4’-dimethoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone, and 7-4’dimethoxy-3,5- dihydroxyflavone also showed strong antioxidant activity.