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Diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their antagonistic effect against pathogens of rice diseases
Thesis Abstract:
This study discovered the diversity of 242 (49.08%) sporulating isolates and 251 (50.91%) sterile mycelia of rice endophytic fungi. All of isolates were associated with two rice cultivars, Pathumthani 1 (PT 1) and RD 47 which were randomly obtained from selected sublocations in Suphanburi and Chainat Provinces. All sporulating endophytes were preliminarily identified based on their morphological traits. The results showed that there were 17 genera and 21 species belonging to Ascomycota. The four most frequently isolated species were Nigrospora Oryzae, Curvularia sp., Nodulisporium sp. and Exserohilum sp. 3. Six species, Cladosporium sp., Humicola sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Acrophialophora sp., Trichoderma sp. and Ulocladium chartarum, were considered rare because they only occurred once (overall FO=0.08%). The results suggest that sporulating endophytic fungi abundance, richness, diversity, and communities are predominantly influenced by different tissue segment types, rice cultivars and collection areas as well as collection times.
In dual culture test, Chaetomium cupreum, Nodulisporium sp., Talaromyces sp. 1 and Trichoderma sp. have high potential to control rice disease pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani. These antagonistic effects may be dependent on the production of bioactive compounds according to poison food technique. Our results provide insight into sporulation endophytic fungal diversity and contribute to our basic knowledge of the relationship between fungal biodiversity and host/location origin and their antimicrobial activities against rice disease pathogens.