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Factors affecting food security among upland agriculture households in Paletwa Township, Chin State of Myanmar
Thesis Abstract:
One-sixth of the world population are individually food insecure. The second sustainable development goal of the United Nations, which aimed zero hunger, now extends to end hunger and achieve food security. Myanmar is one of the most food insecure country ranking 78th. Agriculture contributes 60 percent to gross domestic product (GDP) and employs 65 percent of the population. Chin State, the least developing state in Myanmar, has 478,690 population on 36,019 km2. It has the poverty rate of 73 percent. Paletwa, located in the western part of Myanmar and just 18 km far from Bangladesh, is the poorest township. Its population is only 96,889.
The objectives of the study were to observe factors affecting food security among upland agriculture households, to investigate most suitable method for upland agriculture in those areas, to achieve food security up to some extent, to report research findings, and to encourage those who want to carry out humanitarian works in this venerable region. Survey was conducted in three village tracts and quarters in Paletwa. The information was collected through key informant interview and survey questionnaires. Questionnaires were divided into four parts: demographic information, food security indicators, relative causes of food security, and the farmers’ suggestions on important issues. Data were analyzed through frequency counts, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression in SPSS. Among demographic variables, most significant were number of working people, household size, and education of the household head. Factors affecting food security were food production, and fresh fruit access, food concern time, and full-stomach eat. Education, livelihood, and income generation activities, some remarkable loan, agriculture extension, terrace cultivation, and transportation facility should be introduced and practiced. Food aids should also be delivered.