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Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth Performance and Response to Estrous Synchronization of Local Goats in Lao PDR
Thesis Abstract:
The study was divided into two experiments:
Experiment I:
The study aimed to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation levels on growth performance and digestibility of local female goats fed with paper mulberry leaves (PML) in Lao PDR. The different levels (0, 200, 300, and 400 g/ head/day in Tl, T2, T3, and T4, respectively) of concentrate were supplemented using PML as a basal diet ad libitum. Twenty-four local female goats with average of 10 months and 22.5 ± 3.3 kg of live weight were divided in four groups. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. The feeding trail of growth performance lasted for 92 days and digestibility lasted for seven days after finishing the growth performance collection. Total DMI increased by the increasing levels of concentrate in the diet (830 ± 78, 984 ± 60, 1,101 ± 31, and 1,183 ± 36 g/head/day in Tl, T2, T3, to T4, respectively). The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, and NFE of concentrate supplementation groups were significantly higher than the group without concentrate supplementation (p < .01), but the apparent digestibility of CF, ADF, and ADL were not significantly different. Average daily gain (ADG) (35.0, 51.1, 58.7, and
65.2 g/head/day) significantly increased by increasing the levels of concentrate in the
diet (p < .01). FCR of goats fed with PML ad libitum was significantly highest (24.5 kg DM). In conclusion, the concentrate supplementation improved feed intake, ADG, and digestibility of goats using concentrate level 400 g/head/day as fed, suggested for optimizing growth performance of local female goats in Lao PDR.
Experiment II:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of the PML (Broussonetia papyrifera)-based diets with concentrate on growth performance, preovulatory follicle diameter, response to estrous synchronization treatment, and productivity in local female goats in Lao PDR. Nutritional treatment was conducted for a period of 61 days. For Group 1, female goats received the paper mulberry leaves (PML) as the basal diet (PML diet; n = 12). For Group 2, female goats received PML as the basal diet and 400 g/head/day of the concentrate (PML + CONc diet; n = 12). On the 42nd day of the nutritional treatments, the periods of estrus were synchronized with controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) devices inserted for 14 days, and injections of 300 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) upon the removal of CIDR devices. The female goats were monitored for estrus twice daily, with two teaser bucks within 12–120 hours after CIDR removal. The ovaries were scanned by transrectal ultrasonography on the day of CIDR removal and every 12 hours after the withdrawal of CIDR to evaluate the preovulatory follicle diameter and the ovulation time. The positive changes in the live weight of the female goats in the PML + CONc group were greater (p < .05) than those of the PML group. The synchronized goats that were fed with the PML diet tended to have a delay (p = .09) in the interval to the onset of estrus in comparison with the goats that were fed with the PML + CONc diet. The proportion of synchronized goats displaying estrus at 48 hours after the withdrawal of CIDR was significantly higher (p < .05) in the group that received the PML + CONc diet than in the group that received the PML diet. The goats that received the PML + CONc diet had greater (p < .05) diameters of the largest preovulatory follicle than the goats that received the PML diet. The synchronized goats that were offered only the PML diet tended to have a delay (p = .09) in the interval from the removal of CIDR to the ovulation, in comparison with the goats that were offered the PML + CONc diet. The productivity tended to be greater (p = .08) in the goats that received the PML + CONc diet than in goats that received the PML diet only. Thus, these data highlighted the positive changes in the live weight, the proportion of animals exhibiting estrus, and the preovulatory follicle size of synchronized local female goats in Lao PDR increased upon addition of the concentrate in PML-based diets.