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Replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal in the diets of seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings.
Thesis Abstract:
This study aimed to assess the replacement of 40 percent of the protein in fish meal (in the control diet) with soybean meal, corn gluten meal, poultry by-product meal, and mixed protein (1.5:1:2.5 ratio) in the diets of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Five experimental diets were formulated to meet the 49 percent dietary protein of seabass. The control diet contained Danish fish meal as the sole protein source. One hundred fifty fish with initial body weight of 4.59 ± 0.29g were randomly assigned to 15 rectangular glass aquaria of 45 L capacity and fed twice daily for eight weeks.
No water problem was experienced during the experiment. All water parameters were within acceptable range. In comparison with initial lipid content (4.99%), feeding seabass with test diets resulted in high lipid levels (19.69–22.93%), while crude protein increased slightly at the end of experiment. There was a downward trend in ash and moisture content in the final body mass of seabass. There were no significant differences between the control diet and the mixed protein diet in terms of percentage weight gain (%WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). The %WG (498.9 ± 27.1) and SGR (3.2 ± 0.08) were highest in fish fed the control diet and lowest (347.1 ± 24.6) and (2.7 ± 0.1) in those fed the poultry by-product diet. Similar trends were observed in PER, protein retention (PR), and condition factor (CF). The feed conversion ration (FCR) was influenced by the different dietary treatments. Feeding seabass the control diet resulted in the significantly lowest FCR compared with those fed the other test diets. Seabass fed the poultry by-product diet exhibited the highest FCR and was significantly different from those fed the control diet, soybean diet, and mixed protein diets but not from those fed the corn gluten diet. Survival of seabass in all treatments ranged from 93.3 to 100 percent.
The results did not show any remarkable difference between the control diet and the mixed protein diet on hepatosomatic index (HIS) and viscerasomatic (VSI) of seabass juvenile. Results from the present study demonstrated that the mixed protein diet, which replaced 40 percent of the fish meal protein could be applied to feed juvenile seabass without adverse effects on growth and body composition. It was also nutritionally adequate and economical.