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Phenotypic characterization and development of breeding objectives for meat type native goats (Capra hircus L.) in the Philippines
Thesis Abstract:
The study was conducted to phenotypically characterize the native goats in Ilocos Norte and Siquijor provinces and develop the breeding objectives through participatory approach and the use of bioeconomic model. Qualitative and quantitative traits were analyzed using non-parametric test, multivariate analysis, multiple regression analysis, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis. The breeding objectives were developed using frequencies, focus group discussion, Markov chain method, net effective population size, regression analysis, and profit equation.
A total of 154 heads of native goat each were sampled from the provinces of Ilocos Norte and Siquijor. Results showed close resemblance between the native goats of the two provinces. The mean body weight (BW), body length (BL), wither height (WH), heart girth (HG), chest depth (CD), shoulder point width (SW), pelvic width (PW), rump length (RL), and rump width (RW) obtained from the Philippine native goats ranged from 10.50 ± 1.87 to 24.40 ± 0.58 kg, 46.67 ± 2.59 to 60.22 ± 0.80 cm, 44.70 ± 1.04 to 53.56 ± 0.75 cm, 53.36 ± 1.43 to 65.64 ± 0.96 cm, 10 ± 0.93 to 14.78 ± 0.29 cm, 9.67 ± to 15.79 ± 0.30 cm, 10.50 ± 0.7 to 12.91 ± 0.22 cm, 9.07±0.35 to 13±0.53 cm, and 10.67±4.71 to 20±2.18 cm, respectively. Body hair pattern was dominantly plain with fawn or brown coloration. Both horn and ear orientation were straight and erect. Goats had predominantly brown eye color, straight face profile, and without wattle.
Principal component revealed that 77.42 percent of variance in body sizes was accounted by body weight, body length, heart girth, and pelvic width. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 89.6 percent of the goats as Ilocos Norte strain and 94.8 percent of the goats as Siquijor strain.
According to participatory approach conducted through focus group discussion, farmer-respondents prioritized their breeding objectives in terms of bigger size or body weight and number of kids per kidding time (twins), which were also used by the respondents in their selection of goats. Bioeconomic model for a four-year operation showed that at the backyard farm level, the production cost per one kilogram of goat is approximately PHP 128 per kg of goat, while the benefit in terms of total sales amounted to PHP 208,000 and price per head as PHP 2,000. Benefit included feed cost was PHP -41,386 and without feed was PHP 131,828.