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The Bontocs and Kalingas' Perception of and Attitude Toward the Chico River Rural Development Project in Northern Philippines
Dissertation Abstract:
The study sought to determine the Bontocs and Kalingas' perceptions of and attitudes toward the Chico River Rural Development Project in Mountain Province and Kalinga-Apayao, northern Philippines. One hundred and fifty-five Bontoc and 219 Kalinga respondents were interviewed.
Results revealed that the respondents had relatively low level of formal education, low family income, limited skills, and large families. Most of them were engaged in farming, had homogeneous cultural traditions and tribal affinity, had well-established reference leaders, and live in remote and depressed agricultural villages along the Chico River. Face-to-face interaction were their common means of socialization and communication among themselves.
The Bontocs and the Kalingas did not differ significantly in their perceptions and attitudes towards the project. They were against the construction of the project because they perceived that their ancestral treasures and villages and everything of value to them would be destroyed. The majority of them aspired for the possession of real estate properties and college education for their children. They believed that parents should work hard and sacrifice for their children's future and that their aspirations would not be fulfilled if they were to be relocated immediately. They wanted accurate accounting of their crops and properties, involvement in the development of their villages, and consultation regarding the government's relocation program.
The respondents' level of formal education, farming experience, leadership and communication patterns, and aspirations and value-orientation were found to have significant effects on the perception and attitudes toward certain aspects of the project.
Respondents who were relatively younger, less dependent on traditional leaders, with small families, high level of formal education, low aspiration toward possession of real estate properties but with high aspiration for college education for their children, and high value orientation toward national development were more open-minded about this project.