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Isolation, Fractionation, and Characterization of Alcohol-insoluble Solids of Calamansi Peel
Dissertation Abstract:
The polysaccharides of alcohol-insoluble solids of calamansi peel and the effect of acid and alkali on the composition of calamansi peel fiber were studied.
The alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS) were separated into "pectic substance," "emicellulose," and "cellulose" fractions extracting with different solvents. The pectic substance fraction was divided into two forms, namely: water-soluble (WS) and acid-soluble (AS) fractions.
Upon hydrolysis, the pectic substance fraction yielded rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. The hemicellulose fraction contained xylose, galactose, and glucose.
The cellulose fraction contained xylose, galatose, and glucose. In the cellulose fraction, glucose was dominant but some xylose and mannose were also present.
About 83 percent of the AIS were recovered as polysaccharides in the peel of calamansi fruits. Shaking calamansi peel fiber for 24 hours at room temperature solubilized 14.81 percent of the hemicellulose at pH 11.0 and 5.82 percent at pH 2.0. Refluxing for five minutes reduced the hemicellulose content by 33.33 percent at pH 11.0 percent at pH 11.0 and 42.28 percent at pH 2.0 by refluxing for one hour.
The solubility of fiber fraction (hemicellulose and cellulose) increased in the presence of heat.
This study showed that the AIS of calamansi peel was a good source of pectin. Exposure to acid and alkali may alter the values determined for hemicellulose and cellulose.